Pandangan Kuno dan Modern tentang Yesus: Kajian Tokoh, Pemikiran, dan Aliran dari Masa ke Masa

Abstract

Jesus of Nazareth is one of the most influential figures in the history of civilization. Understanding of Him has developed over time, shaped by historical, cultural, philosophical, and scholarly contexts. However, studies that provide an integrated comparison of ancient and modern perspectives, along with the dynamics of theological traditions, remain relatively limited. This study aims to describe, compare, and analyze the development of perspectives on Jesus from ancient to modern times, as well as to identify shifts in approaches and their theological significance. This study employs a comparative literature review by collecting, systematizing, and comparing literature from various periods to identify the underlying continuity and changes in theological thought. In the ancient period, understanding of Jesus was primarily grounded in faith and philosophy, culminating in the formulation of the doctrine of the Council of Chalcedon. In the modern period, historical-critical approaches developed, distinguishing between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. These two approaches are complementary: the ancient approach emphasizes the significance of faith, while the modern approach enriches the understanding of Jesus within his historical and cultural context.